Heater and heat insulation



W S.JHA DAWAY-, Jn. HEATER AND` HEM INSULAHON. Ayrflgmon mso JULY 26. 1911'.

` 1,389,192.v I I' PatentedAug. 30,1921.

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APPLICATION FILED JULY 26. 1917.

1 ,389, 1 92. Patented Aug. 30, 41921. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ya 37 f6 W will@ auml-W www 13mm w s HAnAwAY 1R HEATER AND HEAT INSULATION.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 26 1917 1,389,192. f Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

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@nvm/woz "B11, @Ho/Luau* I www L UNITED STATES PATE-NT OFFICE.

WILLIAM S. HADAWAY, JR., OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW' YORK.

HEATER AND HEAT INSULATION.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known ,thatV I, WILLIAM S. HADA- wAY, Jr., a citizen of the United States of America, and la resident of New'R-ochelle, county of Vestchester, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heaters and Heat Insulation, of which the following is a specification, Vreference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to heat insulation and has special reference to steam orother vapor heaters and to vapor electric heaters in which low temperature steam is raised to a higher degree of heat by electric energy.

Heat insulation'as hitherto known consists of a material or mass which is not adapted to prevent heat flow, but which at the best only constitutesmeans for retarding the `flow of heat and it `is consequently onlypartially effective. It may be compared to atranslucent body which permits light to pass through it to a greater or less extent while the ideal heat insulation would be comparable to an opaque body.

vIt has been my aim to produce what may be termed thermally opaque insulating structure.

Heat insulation as hitherto known may also bek compared to a high resistance electric conductor which holds back and retards the flow of current while the insula- --tion of my presentinvention is comparable to a conductor upon which a counter-electro-motive force is impressed. In other words, I provide a mass surrounding thel tures which differl materially from each other and the varyingtemperature condition above referred 'l to `may be approximated by fixing the temperature ata plurality of spaced zones in the body instead ASpecificz-tton of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

Application filed July 26,

1917. 'serial NQ. 182,815.

of .fixing the temperature at all points therein. f

Qne object of my invention is to provide a simple and eective insulating means in the form of a porousbody through which a heating Huid is passed ina direction to oppose and preventv loss of heat therefrom.

Another object is to-provide for a flow of steani from the outside of an insulating body inward, in opposition to the direction of flow usually taken by lost heat, whereby the heat losses to the insulating bodyare substantially annulled.

Another object is to provide in combina'- tion a heated body and an insulating body, each in the form of a porous mass, an inlet vapor jacket beyond the'insulating. body from whichl highly-heated vapor may be Vsupplied to the insulating body and after flowing therethrough, to the heated body from which itis delivered in a highly heated. condition for any suitable use.

In order that my inventionmay be thoroughly understood I will now proceed to describe the same in the following specification, and then point out the novel features thereof in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings: y

Figure l is a sectional plan view, of a furnace or heating chamber having'insulating walls, arranged and constructedto constitute an embodiment of my invention.

Fig.-2 is a sectional elevationof the saine device.

A detail of the structure isshown on a larger scale in Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 is a view lcorresponding to Fig. l, of a modified structure which also constitutes an embodiment of my invention.Y

vFig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the structure of Fig. 4.

Figs. 6 and 7 correspond to Figs. aand 5, but show another modication of my invention.

Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a combination heater and heat insulation which is constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 9 isa sectionalplan view, taken on the line -9-9 of Fig. 8. A

Fig; 10 is a diagrammatical view illustrating the manner of utilizing the structures of Figs. 8 and 9.

Special reference may rst lbe had to Figs. l, 2 and 3 in which 15 designates a furnace or other high temperature chamber. The walls of the chamber are constructed of a mass 1G which has a porous formation, being built up of a plurality of small tubes or pipes 17, one of which is shown on a large scale in Fig. 3. The tubes are of capillary dimensions, and those on the bot tom of the furnace extend into a water cham-ber 18 formed by an outer insulating wall 19. rlhe water level is indicated by broken line 2O andthe spaces above the water level and at the sides of the furnace are filled with asbestos Wool or some other suitable mass constituting a wiel: 21. The insulating mass 1G may conveniently be termed a capillary body.

ris-shown in Fig. 1, a mass of wiclr mate rial extends completely around the mass 16 and dips into the water in the bottom of the chamber.

The capillary forces which are known to be very powerful, carry minute particles of water inwardly through the small pipes or tubes 1T. The water is supplied directly to the tubes at the bottom ofthe furnace but is supplied through the mass of wick material to the tubes at the side- Assuming that the temperature in the furnace 15 is very high, the temperature of the water as it flows inwardly is gradually increased, is soon converted into steam and continues to move inwardly to the hot space with continuously increasing temperature.

lVhen the water is converted into steam near the outer ends of the tubes, it takes up a large quantity of heat and thus cools or refrigerates the outer zone of the insulating body.

ln fact it takes up the heat which would otherwise be lost and carries it back to thc heating chamber within. lt enters the heated chamber at a very high temperature and may be broken into its constituent elements, or assist in supporting the combustion of carbonaceous materials within the furnace.

My invention may obviously be utilized in a variety of ways for the protection of heated bodies or chambers intended for varions purposes, and I do not intend to be limited to any particular field of usefulness.

Referring to li1 igs. l and 5, the insulating mass 22 is substitutedfor the insulating bodyl in Figs.l 1 and 2, a-nd comprises a plurality of spaced layers or strata of insulation between which are disposed wicks 23,."which may be made of any suitable fabric or material Vsuch as asbestos fibers, the

arrangement being such that the wiclrs are substantially concentric as shown in Fig. 4. and those in the side walls of the furnace are ,brought in so that they are normal to the furnace wall. y

The outer ends of the wicks 23 extend into a water chamber 2li which corresponds to the chamber 18.`

The operation of the insulation of these figures is similar to that of Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive except that the wicks tend to iix the temperatureof the mass adj acentto it, and since they are materially spaced apart the condition of l? 1 and 2 is approximated and the structure is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

Figs. G and 'l' show another modification of my invention in which 15 designates the furnace chamber as in the previous figures. The walls of the furnace are built up of aplurality of layers of insulating` material which are spaced apart by narrow channels or spaces preferably formed with sheet metal walls and containing granular material 27 such as cz rborundum particles,

The insulating layers 9.5 may be alike but the material in each is preferably chosen because of its special fitness for the tempera ture at which the zone is maintained when the furnace is in operation.

rlhe outerpassage 2G is provided with a steam supply pipe 28 disposed at one side as shown in 7, and the passage is connectedby a pipe 29 to the next inner passage, at the opposite side of thefurnace. This passage is connected to the inner passage by a pipe 3() and the inner passage is connected by a pipe 31A to the interior of the furnace.

rllhe passages may be interconnected by two or more pipes or connecting passages and thearrangcment is such that the hot vapor such as steam supplied through the pipe 2S fills the outer steam space or passage 2G and flows slowly therethrough and then through the pipe 29 to the .next passage.

As it enters each successive passage its temperature is increased, corresponding to thc distance of the particular passage from the furnace chamber 15 within.

`Finally, the steam as it enters the chamber, is substantially at the temperature of the chamber itself.

Referring now to Figs. 8, 9 and 10, 5() designates any suitable working member or radiator such as, for example,l a press head having a vapor passage 51 to which hot vapor is supplied `through a pipe 32 from a vapor electric heater 33. Relatively low temperature vapor is supplied from any suitable source (notpshown) such asa low pressure boiler to the heater 33 through a supply pipe 34, and electric energy is supplied to the heater through circuit conductors and 36. The heater 33 may be constructed as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and as shown it comprises a hollow mass 37 in the form of a hollow cylinder, composed of fire" clay orv other porous capillary heat insulating material within which is a cavity or `chamber 3 8. AThe outlet pipe 32 is directly connected tok this chamber, hot vapor' being drawn from the chamber through the pipe as needed at the working member or radiator 30. Embedded in the mass 37 are one or more electric heaters k39 which are connected to the supply circuit conductors 35 and 36 in any suitable relation. Y

The porous mass 37 is not necessarily formed of insulating material and may for example, .be formed of a porous mass produced by compressing wire screens or the like, but if metallic or electric 'conducting materials are used to compose the mass the electric heaters 39, they will of course be v insulated in some suitable manner and will preferably be of some well known form of armored heater having a metallic jacket for holding the insulation in place.

Surrounding the mass 37 is an outer mass fl() of heat insulating material which is also porous and capillary. VFinally, the structure is provided with an outer wall or casing el which is spaced from the heat insulation 40 and provides a jacket or outer chamber 42. The supply pipe 34 is connected diifectlyto the outer chamber or jacket 42..

The relatively low temperature vapor which is supplied through the pipe 34: to the jacket 4t2 passes through the pores of the insulating mass l0 and then through the pores of the porous mass' 37, and finally reaches the inner' chamber' 38.

As it passes through the pores .of the mass 3.7 its temperature is increased to the predetermined high temperature value by taking up the electrically generated heat from electrical heaters 39l and from the mass 37 in which they are embedded or disposed.

The heat insulation 40 would act in the usual way to materially reduce loss of heat y from the mass 37 if theglow temperature vapor were supplied directly to the member 37 but according to my present invention the insulation is not a passive barrier to retard thek outward flow of heat but is an active opposing force which prevents any material loss of heat from Vthe member 37.

This result is obtained by the passing of the hot vapor from the outer jacket 42 inward through the insulation. 1 By this means there is an inward flow of a heat kcarrier which tends to directlyoppose the tendency for heat to iiow outwardfrom the member 37.

It is evident that the active heat insulation of my invention may be utilized in various ways, apart from the heater shown and described and I' intend that only such limitations beimposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

What I claim is: y 1. A heat insulating means comprising a porous body of heat insulating material, and means for causing a heat carrying fluid tol flow through the body in opposition to the iiow which thel heat losses tend to produce.

` 2f A heat insulator comprising ajporous mass,' aiid means for causing a heat carrying fluid to flow through the porous mass in opposition to the flow which the heat losses tend to produce. i

3. A heater comprising a porous heated body, a porous insulating body therefor, and

means y for. causing a heat carrier to flow successivelyv through the porous insulating and heated bodies.

t. A heater comprising a heated body, a porous insulating body adapted to prevent loss of heat therefrom, and means for causing a heat carrying fluid to flow through the insulation toward the` heated body.

5. A heater comprising a body adapted to be heated to a high temperature, and means for establishing a flow of a heat carrier toward the body to prevent loss of heat therefrom.

6. A heater comprising a high temperature fiuid outlet chamber, a low temperature fluid inlet chamber, a heat generator adapted to supply heat to the inner chamber, and interposed means for permitting to be established a flow of heat carrying fluid inward from the lowtemperature chamber to the high temperature chamber to prevent loss of heat from the heat generator.

7. A heater comprising a porous mass, a heat generator associated therewitlnand a high temperatureiiuid outlet chamber, a mass of insulation, and means for causing a flow of low temperature vapor through the insulation toward the mass in which the heat is generated to prevent loss of heat therefrom. p p

8. A heater comprising` a hollow porous mass, a heat generator embedded therein, and a porous mass of insulation surrounding the heated mass, an'outlet connection to the hollow heated body and an inlet connection for supplying a heat carrier through the insulation to the hea-ted body to prevent loss of heat therefrom.

9.'V A heater comprising an inner chamber, an outlet connected therewith, a hollow porous mass surrounding the inner chamber, an electric heater embedded in said mass,

fa body of porous insulationsurrounding the heated mass, and an outer jacket spaced from the insulation to provide an inlet chamber, and means for supplying vapor at a relatively low temperature to the inlet chamber whereby the flow of heated vapor is established inwardly through the insulation 'to ,the` heated mass and then through the mass into the inner chamber.

l0. A heat insulation comprising a capillary body adapted to transfer fluid toward the high temperature side of the insulation.

l1. A heat insulation comprising a capillary body, and means for supplying fluid to :its low temperature surface.

12. A heat insulation comprising a oapillary body adapted to transfer heat from its high temperature surface toward its low temperature surface, and to ltransfer a Huid from its 10W temperature surface toward its high temperature surface, and means for supplying liuid to its low temperature surface.

13. A heated member, a heat insulation surrounding,` said body comprising a capillary body adapted to transfer heat from its high temperature surface toward its 10W temperature surface, and to transfer a fluid from its low temperature surface toward its high temperature surface, and means for upplying fluid to its low temperature surace.

14. A heat insulation comprising a plurality of layers, Wicks interposed between the layers, and means for supplying liquid to the Wicks at the low temperature surface of the insulation.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 16 day of July, 1917.

WILLIAM S. HADAIVAY, JR. 

